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Karl Marx
Marx, Karl (1818-1883), German political philosopher and revolutionary, co-founder with Friedrich Engels of scientific socialism (modern communism), and, as such, one of the most influential thinkers in modern history.
Adolf Hitler
Hitler, Adolf (1889-1945), German political and government leader and one of the 20th century's most powerful dictators, who converted Germany into a fully militarized society and launched World War II. Making anti-Semitism a keystone of his propaganda and policies, he built up the Nazi party (see National Socialism) into a mass movement. For a time he dominated most of Europe and North Africa. He caused the slaughter of millions of Jews and others whom he considered inferior human beings.
Socialism
Socialism, concept and party-based political movement, originally based in the organized working class, generally antagonistic towards capitalism. While the final aim of socialists was a communist or classless society, they increasingly concentrated on social reforms within capitalism. As the movement developed, the concept itself acquired different meanings in different times and places.
Capitalism
Capitalism, economic system in which private individuals and business firms carry on the production and exchange of goods and services through a complex network of prices and markets. Although rooted in antiquity, capitalism is primarily European in its origins; it evolved through a number of stages, reaching its zenith in the 19th century. From Europe, and especially from England, capitalism spread throughout the world, largely unchallenged as the dominant economic and social system until World War I ushered in modern Communism (or Marxism) as a vigorous and hostile competing system.
Communism
Communism, term in political science denoting either a society where all property is held in common or a political movement whose final aim is the establishment of such a society.